Descriptive Analyses
The three media channels most commonly used by companies to communicate
with employees about new decisions, policies, events, and changes were
email (f = 289, 71.9%), employee meetings (f = 236, 58.7%), and print media
(e.g., memoranda, brochures, newsletters, reports, policy manuals, and posters;
f = 153, 38.1%; Table 1).6 Other commonly used channels were internal
communication with the immediate manager (f = 135, 33.6%), internal website
(f = 131, 32.6%), and phone and voice mail (f = 61, 15.2%). Digital channels,
such as video conferencing (f = 27, 6.7%) and internal social media
(e.g., blogs, mini-blogs, social network sites, f = 2, 0.5%), were the least
commonly used. By contrast, the three media channels by which employees
most prefer to receive information from their companies were email (f = 295,
73.4%), employee meetings (f = 268, 66.7%), and interpersonal communication
with the immediate manager (f = 181, 45%). These channels were followed
by print media (f = 154, 38.3%) and internal website (f = 128, 31.8%).
Leaders from all levels in medium-sized and large corporations most often
used face-to-face interactions (M = 5.34, SD = 1.81) to communicate with
employees, followed by email (M = 4.96, SD = 2.21) and phone and voice
mail (M = 3.76, SD = 1.94; Table 2). Internal website (M = 2.37, SD = 1.77),
instant messengers (M = 2.08, SD = 1.69), and internal social media (M =
1.47, SD = 1.07) were the channels less used in leadership communication.
When asked to what extent employees prefer to use these channels to communicate
with their managers, similar patterns were reported. Employees
most preferred face-to-face interactions with their leaders (M = 6.09, SD =
1.37), followed by email (M = 5.25, SD = 1.86) and phone and voice mail
(M = 4.23, SD = 1.97). Internal instant messenger (M = 2.44, SD = 1.85),
internal website (M = 2.41, SD = 1.74), and internal social media (M = 1.62,
SD = 1.25) were less preferred....