Focus on meaning of language
(i) what the item of language means
(ii) details of how meaning will be conveyed
(iii) details of how meaning will be checked (CCQs, timelines etc…)
Past Perfect
(i) By 1600, Europeans had discovered how the solar system works.
we use Past Perfect to talk about an event that happened ‘before some point in the past’
(ii) example sentence, timeline
(iii) CCQs:
Are we talking about the past? (yes); Did Europeans discover how the solar system works before or after 1600?
Present Perfect
(i) Today, we have invented the internet.
we use Present Perfect to talk about events that happened ‘before now’
(ii) example sentence, timeline
(iii) CCQs:
What century is now? (21st century); Did we invent the internet in the 21st century? (no); When did we do it? (20th century); Did it happen in the past? (yes); Can we use the internet now? (yes)
(i) Today, we haven’t found a cure for the common cold. / I have lived here all my life.
we use the Present Perfect to talk about an action that is not finished and continues up to the present
(ii) example sentence, timeline
(iii) CCQs:
When did they start looking for the cure?; Did they find the cure? (no); Are people still looking for the cure? (yes)
Future Perfect Simple
(i) Within the next decade, we will have sent a manned mission to Mars
we use the Future Perfect Simple to talk about a future action that will be completed at or before a specified time in the future
(ii) example sentence, timeline
(iii) CCQs:
Are we talking about the past, present or the future? (future); Have we already sent the manned mission to Mars? (no); Imagine it’s 2026. Have we sent the manned mission to Mars? (yes) is this action completed between now and 2026? (yes) Do we know exactly when? (no)