From birth a baby can respond to touch and sound, will recognise a parent or carers voice and will stare at bright shiny objects. Even from a few months old they will smile and engage with their carer and by 4 months can vocalise by ‘cooing’ and ‘babbling. From 6 months old an infant will become more interested in social interaction, although that depends on the amount of time spent with other children and his/hers personality, they will also have a fear of strangers and distress at the separation of a parent or carer. By the time they are 9 months old an infant can recognise familiar and unfamiliar faces. From 1 year ‘temper tantrums’ may have begun. They become more demanding and assertive and can express rage at being told ‘no’, they have no idea of sharing and a strong sense of ‘mine’.
From 2-4 years a child is learning to be separated from a parent or carer for short periods of time i.e.: nursery or playgroup which then gives them more social awareness. Some will play in groups of 2 or 3 and will be able to share ideas. Most children between this age group may have close friends and will still play with both genders.
By 4-7 a child should have started school and will be able to enjoy their independence although still needing comfort and reassurance. By now a good sense of self-awareness (both positive and negative) will have been developed. These include fears such as ‘things under the bed’ and ‘ghosts’. Children around this age are able to form firm friendships and have begun to play in separate *** groups, they are fairly confident and know the difference between right and wrong.
7-11 year olds are by now starting to understand more about the world and where they belong. Their friendships become very important and are mostly of the same sex. Children of this age become concerned of what people think of them and can often become unsure about changes in settings. Strong signs of independence from parents and...