UNIT 14 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY IN H&SC P1 Explain the nature of two named physiological disorders P2 Explain the signs & symptoms related to the two physiological disorders The two different physiological disorders I will be talking about are Diabetes Type 2 and Dementia DIABETES TYPE 2 The type 2 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes, it is the type of diabetes that doesn’t rely on insulin. Type 2 diabetes happens when the body doesn't produce enough insulin to function properly or the cells in the body doesn’t react to any insulin. Diabetes type 2 is developed commonly to adults due to the number of cases of obesity rising, the number of diets that are unhealthy is also rising, there is a high number of adults that doesn’t do enough exercise. A person can still be diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes even if they are healthy because a person can have a high level of glucose than the normal level. The type 2 diabetes can cause problems such as blindness, visual impairment, kidney failure, limb amputation, cardiovascular diseases and stroke. There is no cure for diabetes but there is a treatment that tries keep blood glucose levels as normal as possible to control the diabetes symptoms. The symptoms of diabetes can also be controlled by adapting a new lifestyle such as starting to eat healthy and starting to exercise more regularly. Tablets and injection may also be needed to control glucose level to maintain diabetes. Insulin is a protein that acts on the cell membrane of most cells to open passages that will allow glucose to put in the cell and once the cell & insulin “instructs” the cell to convert glucose to glycogen (which acts as a storage for carbohydrates) the effect would lower the blood glucose and bring it down to normal level. The image below show the basic absorption of glucose under the influence of insulin by a liver cell: