Hate Crimes Analysis: Muslims
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Hate Crime Analysis: Muslims
April Cox
CJA 540
October 21, 2011
Angela Williams
Hate Crime Analysis: Muslims
The United States of America claims to be the melting pot of the world, and claims to welcome anyone that wants to become a citizen and enjoy the rights that other Americans have. However, in reality this is not the truth, because hate crimes and racism have existed in the United States of America since the arrival of Christopher Columbus and the White man. Racism and hate crimes began with the White man pushing the Native Americans off their land and progressed through the arrival of the slave era. There exists a variety of other incidents where hate crimes have been the center of issue here in America. However, since September 11, 2001 when terrorists hijacked four American passenger flights and crashed three of them into the Twin Towers in New York City, New York; and the Pentagon in Washington D.C. killing thousands of Americans Muslims have become a large target for perpetrators of hate crimes.
This paper will define Muslims and Hate crimes, explain the factors that serve as the basis for Muslim victimization, provide applicable case examples of hate crimes against Muslims. The paper will also identify restorative justice models that could be used for Muslims, provide a contemporary research instrument to measure the victimization of Muslims and a rationale for the research instrument, and finally the paper will identify the criminological theory explains the victimization of Muslims, and a rationale to support the theory.
Definition of Muslims and Hate Crimes:
The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (2003) defines Muslims as, “a believer in or an adherent of Islam, and as a member of the Nation of Islam.” Collins English Dictionary (1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, and 2003) defines Muslims as, “followers of the religion of Islam, or supporters of the Islamic faith, doctrines and culture.”
The American Heritage...
April Cox
CJA 540
October 21, 2011
Angela Williams
Hate Crime Analysis: Muslims
The United States of America claims to be the melting pot of the world, and claims to welcome anyone that wants to become a citizen and enjoy the rights that other Americans have. However, in reality this is not the truth, because hate crimes and racism have existed in the United States of America since the arrival of Christopher Columbus and the White man. Racism and hate crimes began with the White man pushing the Native Americans off their land and progressed through the arrival of the slave era. There exists a variety of other incidents where hate crimes have been the center of issue here in America. However, since September 11, 2001 when terrorists hijacked four American passenger flights and crashed three of them into the Twin Towers in New York City, New York; and the Pentagon in Washington D.C. killing thousands of Americans Muslims have become a large target for perpetrators of hate crimes.
This paper will define Muslims and Hate crimes, explain the factors that serve as the basis for Muslim victimization, provide applicable case examples of hate crimes against Muslims. The paper will also identify restorative justice models that could be used for Muslims, provide a contemporary research instrument to measure the victimization of Muslims and a rationale for the research instrument, and finally the paper will identify the criminological theory explains the victimization of Muslims, and a rationale to support the theory.
Definition of Muslims and Hate Crimes:
The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (2003) defines Muslims as, “a believer in or an adherent of Islam, and as a member of the Nation of Islam.” Collins English Dictionary (1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, and 2003) defines Muslims as, “followers of the religion of Islam, or supporters of the Islamic faith, doctrines and culture.”
The American Heritage...