Hp Approaches

WHO, 2015, defines health promotion as enabling the public to take control over their health by focusing on individual, social and environmental interventions. Alcohol misuse costs the NHS an estimated £3.5bn a year (public health England, 2014) due to alcohol related disease and accidents. Further costs are felt within all public services as alcohol plays a key role in crime and disorder, homelessness, teenage pregnancy and workplace productivity. Therefore health promoters in Nottingham and across the UK focus on changing negative drinking behaviour and the attitude towards it.

In 2010 the Marmot review was published detailing the main areas of concern in terms of the health of the population of the UK. The health of the population is measured by average life expectancy, infant mortality and morbidity rates. CITE. In 1901 life expectancy was between 45-49 years, with the lead cause of death due to infectious and parasitic illnesses. Life expectancy has since increased to 78 and 83 and is projected to continually increase over the next 10 years. The Marmot review found that current death rates were caused by cancers, heart, liver and respiratory diseases and strokes. Excessive alcohol consumption is identified as one of the main risk factors leading to these diseases. The Marmot review states that there were 654 alcohol related hospital admissions per 100,000 population nationwide. It highlighted that these rates were significantly higher in impoverished areas. In Nottingham, deprivation levels are shown to be double that of England on the whole, accordingly, alcohol related hospital admissions rises 2,457 per 100,000. The review shows that there are numerous inequalities when it come to health, and that these inequalities follow the social gradient; the lower a person's social status, the worse his health will be. Marmot recommended that health promotion should be used to reduce inequalities to make society fairer, requiring action across all social...