Instruments

AIRSPACE
• 2 Categories of Airspace
      o Regulatory
      o Non Regulatory

• 4 Types of airspace within these 2 Categories
      o Controlled
      o Uncontrolled
      o Special Use
      o Other Airspace

• Categories and types are dictated by
      o Complexity and density of A/C movements
      o Nature of the operation conducted within
      o Level of Safety required
      o National and public interest

• Controlled airspace
      o A, B, C, D and E airspace.   Air traffic control services is provided IFR and VFR flights IAW airspace classification

• Class A
      o 18,000 msl – FL 600
      o not charted

• Class B
      o Generally Surface to 10,000 msl surrounding the nations busiest airports.
      o Designed to contain all published instrument approach procedures.
      o Entry Requirements unless otherwise authorized
            • Clearance prior to entering required
            • All IFR,   VOR or TACAN
            • 2 way capable radio com
            • Transponder with Mode C
      o Mode C Veil
            • 30 NM surface to 10,000 msl
            • transponder with mode C

• Class C
      o Usually surrounding those airports that have operational control tower, are serviced by a radar approach control and have certain # of IFR operations.
      o Individually Tailored A/S usually consist of
            • 5 NM surface to 4,000 feet above airport elevation
            • 10 NM 1,200 – 4,000 feet above airport elevation
      o Entry Requirements unless otherwise authorized
            • Communication established prior to entering required
            • 2 way capable radio
            • Transponder with Mode C
      o Outer Area
            • 20 NM lower part of Radio/Radar coverage to ceiling of approach controls delegated A/S

• Class D
      o A/S, surrounding airports that have an operation control tower.   Individually tailored and when inst approaches are published will normally be...