A lab chip device is a device which assimilates one or more laboratory tasks on a sole chip to achieve high-throughput screening and automation. Dimensions of the chip may vary from few millimeters to square centimeters. LOCs handles extremely small volume of fluid which can be close to pico liters. Lab-on-a-chip devices are actually a part of Micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS). These devices are often designated by "Micro Total Analysis Systems" (µTAS). Lab Chip devices are the devices which primarily describes the manipulation. The Lab Chip devices indicates the mounting of multiple or single lab process to a chop format. Whereas Micro Total Analysis systems helps in integrating the total sequence of complete Lab processes to perform the analysis. Basically Lab chip devices are the instruments which allows the chemical analysis or the laboratory synthesis on a very small scale. Over the past 2 decades LOC devices have shown good benefits and appreciable potential for a wide range of applications like genomic research proteomics research, point of care diagnostics, analytical chemistry, biohazards detections and environmental monitoring. Compare to the conventional devices these small devices offera a wide range of advantages. They reduce reagent and sample consumption, shortens reaction time. Also it requires a less power, portable in nature and have very less manufacturing cost as compared to the conventional bulkier Lab machines. The recent advancement in Lab Chip devices can be designed with higher precision. The flow of the samples used can be precisely controlled with the help of external valves and pumps and the analytes can be detected with high sensitivity using electrical, optical and magnetic based techniques.