Motivation

Motivation is a set of factors that activate, direct, and maintain behavior, usually towards a goal.   Researches have developed six theories that explain how and why people are motivated to do what ever it is that we all do, whether it be tying our shoes, or eating dinner.   The Instinct, Drive-reduction, and arousal theories are all biologically related.   The instinct theory says that some behavioral patterns are un-learned, we are just born with them.   The drive-reduction theory is based on the concept of homeostasis.   When a biological need is unmet, drive is created to eliminate that need and return back to normal (homeostasis).   The arousal theory states that organisms try to reach and maintain an optimal level of arousal that maximizes their performance.   The incentive theory goes beyond our biological motivation.   Not components in our body, but external stimuli motivate people to achieve goals, or avoid unpleasant events.   Another theory is the humanistic theory, consisting of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs which says that some motives must be met before going on to higher needs, and that we all have a need to grow, improve ourselves, and become self-actualized.   One more theory is the cognitive theory in which motivation results from people’s thoughts, expectations, and goals.   Everything that we do is a result of motivation.   If we were not motivated to do anything, we would sit in a chair all day until we died from not eating and drinking.   Well actually, something would have motivated us to sit in a chair and do nothing.   So yes, EVERYTHING that we do comes from motivation.   Right now, I am motivated to finish this essay and hand it in on time so that I can get a good grade and not fail the class.   This is the incentive theory, and extrinsic motivation since I want to get a good grade as a reward, its not that I enjoy writing essays, but if I do well I have a chance of passing the class.
I have carefully observed three different situations involving human...