Safer Counstruction Practices
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RECONNAISSANCE REPORT
SIKKIM EARTHQUAKE OF 14 FEBRUARY 2006
By Hemant B Kaushik Kaustubh Dasgupta Dipti R Sahoo Gayatri Kharel
Sponsored by
TATA STEEL LIMITED INDIA
NATIONAL INFORMATION CENTER OF EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KANPUR KANPUR 208016 (INDIA)
nicee nicee
April 2006
Authors of this report – Hemant B Kaushik, Kaustubh Dasgupta, and Dipti R Sahoo are PhD Scholars in the Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Kanpur, and Gayatri Kharel is a Consulting Structural Engineer based in Kalimpong, West Bengal. Photographs on the cover and back pages show different construction practices and performance of different types of structures in Sikkim during the earthquake shaking of 14 February 2006.
PREFACE
This report is the result of a Reconnaissance Study in Sikkim (India), immediately after the earthquake of 14 February 2006. The study was undertaken by the National Information Center of Earthquake Engineering (NICEE) at IIT Kanpur with support from TATA STEEL LIMITED, India. The objective of the study was to document perishable information and collect on-site data on the behaviour of buildings and structures in Sikkim under the impact of the 14 February earthquake. The earthquake caused damage to heritage structures as well as modern buildings. Both masonry and reinforced concrete buildings showed poor performance. The damage seen in and around Gangtok was clearly disproportionate to the size of the earthquake, which was a moderate 5.7 on the Richter scale. This very clearly establishes the high level of seismic vulnerability of the region. Such disproportionate damage is a direct consequence of poor design and construction practices in an inadequate professional environment that is challenged by the lack of trained human resources in the state. There is consensus in the scientific world that Sikkim and its adjoining areas will likely witness major earthquakes in the future. This, combined with the poor...
SIKKIM EARTHQUAKE OF 14 FEBRUARY 2006
By Hemant B Kaushik Kaustubh Dasgupta Dipti R Sahoo Gayatri Kharel
Sponsored by
TATA STEEL LIMITED INDIA
NATIONAL INFORMATION CENTER OF EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KANPUR KANPUR 208016 (INDIA)
nicee nicee
April 2006
Authors of this report – Hemant B Kaushik, Kaustubh Dasgupta, and Dipti R Sahoo are PhD Scholars in the Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Kanpur, and Gayatri Kharel is a Consulting Structural Engineer based in Kalimpong, West Bengal. Photographs on the cover and back pages show different construction practices and performance of different types of structures in Sikkim during the earthquake shaking of 14 February 2006.
PREFACE
This report is the result of a Reconnaissance Study in Sikkim (India), immediately after the earthquake of 14 February 2006. The study was undertaken by the National Information Center of Earthquake Engineering (NICEE) at IIT Kanpur with support from TATA STEEL LIMITED, India. The objective of the study was to document perishable information and collect on-site data on the behaviour of buildings and structures in Sikkim under the impact of the 14 February earthquake. The earthquake caused damage to heritage structures as well as modern buildings. Both masonry and reinforced concrete buildings showed poor performance. The damage seen in and around Gangtok was clearly disproportionate to the size of the earthquake, which was a moderate 5.7 on the Richter scale. This very clearly establishes the high level of seismic vulnerability of the region. Such disproportionate damage is a direct consequence of poor design and construction practices in an inadequate professional environment that is challenged by the lack of trained human resources in the state. There is consensus in the scientific world that Sikkim and its adjoining areas will likely witness major earthquakes in the future. This, combined with the poor...