Teacher

Structures and bonding

1 The diagram represents an atom of an element.
      [pic]
      (a) Write the electronic structure of this atom as numbers and commas.
(1)
      (b) How many protons are in the nucleus of this atom?
(1)
      (c) Name the other particles that are in the nucleus.
(1)
      (d) In which group of the periodic table is this element?
(1)
      (e) Draw a similar diagram to show the ion formed by this atom in ionic compounds. Show the charge on the ion.



(2)

2 Complete the missing information (a) to (f) in the table.
|Atomic number   |Symbol           |Electronic structure of|Formula of ion     |Electronic structure of|
|                 |                 |atom                   |                   |ion                     |
|   9             |F               |(a)                     |(b)               |[2,8]–                 |
|11               |(c)             |2,8,1                   |Na+               |(d)                     |
|(e)             |S               |2,8,6                   |S2–               |(f)                     |


      (6)

  3 A hydrogen atom can be represented by the diagram:
      [pic]
      (a) Draw a similar diagram to show the electrons in the outer shell of a chlorine atom. (1)



      (b) Draw a dot and cross diagram to show the bonding in a molecule of hydrogen chloride. (2)



      (c) Explain why hydrogen and chlorine form a single covalent bond.

(2)
      (d) Explain why silicon can form giant structures.


(3)

4 (a) Draw a dot and cross diagram to show the arrangement of electrons in a magnesium ion. Show the charge on the ion. (3)



      (b) Draw a dot and cross diagram to show the arrangement of electrons in an oxide ion. (3)



      (c) What is the formula of magnesium oxide?
(1)

5 Berzelius (1779–1848) carried out experiments to discover the atomic mass of many elements.
  He wrote...