Universidade Nova de Lisboa – Faculdade de Economia e Gestão
Fall Semester 2010/2011
Course: Modern and Contemporary History
Professor: Luciano Amaral
Teacher Assistant: Bruno Reis
Text V - The Soviet Tragedy
A History of Socialism in Russia, 1917-1991
By Martin Malia
Inês Hermínio nº 10342
“The Soviet socialist revolution was the greatest utopian adventure of the modern age”. With this sentence Martin Malia, the author of History of Socialism in Russia, interprets seven decades of Communism power in The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR).
The Soviet Socialist Revolution gave supremacy to the Left because the Soviet Spectre became the great polarizing force of twentieth-century politics. After October Revolution in 1917, it had dual face since it was the world’s “first workers state” and history’s “first socialist society and on the otherside it emerged the dictatorship of Party, then Stalin’s and ending with a high totalitarianism system. QuESTIONS
After the France Revolution and Napolean crisis, peace, economic and democratic development were stable. Due to that, the First World War (I WW) was considered the beginning of the short, somber, tragic and violent twentieth century. It passes through the collapse of Communism until the end of the Cold War.
“The war itself produced the Russian Revolution and the Bolshevik seizure of power.” By 1930s, three dictatorships were present in the world: Nazi dictatorship in Germany and Bolshevik’s in USSR, and Fascism in Italy. These dictatorships lead to ideologized and polarized world politics in an unseen way.
The IIWW is seen as a consequence of the First. The second one led to the expansion of the soviet empire, for example, in East Asia Communism was implemented. With this greatest empire, USSR became one of the two biggest pontencias of the world and USA felt threaten by this power creating Cold War. Although, NATO-cum-States appeared as a non-violent action to avoid possible...