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An Act of Parliament is a new law created by the houses of Parliament. An act can come from Party Manifestos, The Law commission, The Royal commission, or from a Nation emergency, crisis or new development. In order for an Act to become a law it must be considered by and agreed upon by a majority in the House of commons and the House of Lords, this is called a bill and is how new laws begin.
Delegated Legislation is Law made by someone who is not in the Westminster Parliament but has been given the power to make law by Parliament in an enabling act. For example, Bylaws can be created by local authorities to deal with issues in local areas, such as the “TRAFALGAR SQUARE AND PARLIAMENT SQUARE GARDENS (AMENDMENT No 1) BYELAWS 2002” Which was enabled by the “GREATER LONDON AUTHORITY ACT 1999, SECTION 385(1).
The devolved legislatures are the Scottish Parliament, The Welsh assembly and the Northern Ireland assembly. In the 1990’s the Westminster Parliament passed a number of laws giving power to each of the above to make laws in their own areas. The Scottish Parliament can pass primary and delegated legislation on matters that have been agreed upon by the Westminster Parliament. Whereas The Welsh assembly do not have full law making powers and can only pass secondary or delegated legislation under the power given to them by the Westminster Parliament. The Northern Ireland assembly can pass legislation on devolved matters such as education, but excepted matters such as taxation must be transferred by the Westminster Parliament and on reserved matters such as criminal law it the power to passed laws could be transferred to them as a later date.
When a Precedent has been set it means that a similar case has previously been heard before a court, usually of a higher standing and that the current ruling judge should follow the same legal rule, although if the previous case was heard in a court lower down in the hierarchy the judge should take the ruling into consideration...